The earliest method you can rely on to make your food last longer is to dry your meat. You can do this using a Meat Drier , and this is something that you will need to unlock in your Memetics menu.
To use the Meat Drier , you'll need your meat and salt. Salt can be crafted on a Campsite or a Stove using seawater. You'll need to place the salt into the Salt Input slot, and then add your meat to the Raw Materials slots.